10^th International Conference on Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals October 28-29, 2020 Amsterdam, Netherlands

The Geology is the study of knowing the origin, movement accumulation and exploration of the hydrocarbon fuels whereas Exploration is the research operations for the deposits of hydrocarbons in the earth using the petroleum geology by the geologist and geophysicists. The activity and management of exploration assets is risky but the risk can be controlled by adopting appropriate workflow and technological innovations.

Drilling is the process of digging a bore hole into the earth’s subsurface using a mechanical rig. After drilling and casing the bore well it must be able to produce oil and gas. A number of steps that are required for the operations is to prepare a location for drilling, operating and finally to reclaim the site. The operation  process involves in planning, setting conductor pipe to isolate, drilling the surface hole and set casing for surface to protect the groundwater, after the drilling and casing the well the completion should be done which is to enable to produce oil or gas and finally the production for the extraction of petroleum.

The Upstream, Midstream and Downstream are the three production sectors in the Petroleum industry. The upstream sector refers to the exploration and production and it includes searching for the underwater crude oil and gas. The midstream refers to the storage and transportation of crude oils and refined petroleum products and finally the downstream sector refer to the processing of raw materials and refining of crude oil.

The onshore and offshore are the two drilling processes. The onshore drilling is the process of digging deep holes under the earth’s surface and the offshore drilling is the drilling underneath the seabed. The main theme of the Onshore and Offshore drilling processes is to extract the natural resources like oil and gas from the earth’s crust. In the extraction of oil and gas the onshore is less elaborate comparative to that of the offshore. In the worldwide 25% of oil deposits are found in the offshore deposits.

In the petroleum industries to transport the extracted oil and gas from wells to refineries the pipelines are used. Through the pipelines the oil is pumped from wellhead to refinery across the land. The transportation takes place through railcars, vessels, pipelines, trucks and tankers. The pipeline transport system is a long distance transportation technique. According to the quantity that is being moved we have to choose the flexible transportation while the transportation is taking place there may be the chances of spilling of oil and the oil is toxic to the living animals.

The petroleum is found beneath the earth’s crust. It is a fossil fuel that is it has been the decomposition of organic matter a million years ago. The extracted petroleum is refined into fuel. The petrochemicals are the chemical products that are obtained by refining the petroleum. Example: liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), Petrol, Jet fuel, Kerosene, Diesel Oil, Gasoline and fuel oils.  In the petrochemical industries they produce large number of industrial and consumer products such as plastics, rubber, fertilizers and the petrochemical industries  primarily produces Ethylene from oil or gas.

Petroleum processing is the refining process, where we convert the Crude oil to useful products. The petroleum refinery industries are the large complex units and each unit of refinery has its own unique arrangement. The major quantity of the petroleum is converted to petroleum products. It also produces various intermediate products like hydrocarbons, gasoline and hydrogen.

By the refining blending process major refining products produced are jet fuels, gasoline and diesel fuels. In the gasoline refining blending operation, different component streams have been blended into various gasoline grades. The gasoline blending process is more complicated process than any other processes. The main critical issue for petroleum refiner is  the selection of components for the final product.

The fuel must be stored carefully and managed to be kept in good premium condition because ethanol and fatty acid methyl esters adsorb water. Due to the poor fuel quality there may happen unnecessary repairs and costly downtimes.

The additives are the chemical compounds which are used to improve the performance of the lubricant oil. Different additives are used for each specific application. In all the motor oils there contains the additives, whether the oils are petroleum based or synthetic based. The main use of the additives in the lubricant oils is to protect the engine of the motor vehicle. The additives have different character that is, they are organic or inorganic compounds and they may dissolve or suspended as solids in oil. The role of the additives is to enhance existing base oil properties, impart new properties to base oil and supress undesirable base oil.

In the refining process and refineries areas where they are located there occur a major source of pollutants which are related to air, land and water. Petroleum industries are the main source foe the toxic pollutants and hazardous pollutants, these are also major contributes for water contamination and soil contamination. To avoid these pollutants waste water treatment, and spilling control treatments have been using.

In the petroleum exploration and production with the increase in technology new techniques have been implemented, they are:

1. Surface geology
2. Field geology
3. Gravimetric method
4. Magnetic method
5. Hydraulic Fracturing
6. Tar sands
7. Seismic Mapping
8. Environmental implications
9. Deep water drilling

The digital oil transformation is the new method to exploration which is becoming more necessary as it is of low cost and less man power. Basically people think digital field as a fancy technology hub but is better described as not as a physical presence. By using the digital oilfield wide variety of activities can perform.

In the petroleum industry artificial intelligence is the application of the technology machine learning and data science. It is used to interpret data without human input; the operations can be done within the offshore industry where this artificial intelligence can monitor complex internal operations. The concept of big data is for growing volume, velocity and variety which are familiar with the work. These industries generates large amount of data.

A fossil fuel is formed by the decomposition of dead plants and buried dead organisms. The fossil fuel includes carbon, petroleum, coal and natural gas. Coal is abundant and cheap form of energy, oil has variable cost depending on geographic location. The fossil fuels are non-renewable resources. Fossil fuel releases a lot of pollutants when they are burned. By using the fossil fuel we can generate electricity.

The Petroleum analytics is a learning machine which is used for forecast of production to list out the data available from geology and geophysics. It is used in the operations of upstream and midstream. And the digital petrology is used to evaluate Digenesis processes during the formation of sedimentary basins.